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Environmental Determinants of Chronic Disease and Medical Approaches: Recognition, Avoidance, Supportive Therapy, and Detoxification
Margaret E. Sears,Stephen J. Genuis
Journal of Environmental and Public Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/356798
Abstract: The World Health Organization warns that chronic, noncommunicable diseases are rapidly becoming epidemic worldwide. Escalating rates of neurocognitive, metabolic, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases cannot be ascribed only to genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition; early life and ongoing exposures, and bioaccumulated toxicants may also cause chronic disease. Contributors to ill health are summarized from multiple perspectives—biological effects of classes of toxicants, mechanisms of toxicity, and a synthesis of toxic contributors to major diseases. Healthcare practitioners have wide-ranging roles in addressing environmental factors in policy and public health and clinical practice. Public health initiatives include risk recognition and chemical assessment then exposure reduction, remediation, monitoring, and avoidance. The complex web of disease and environmental contributors is amenable to some straightforward clinical approaches addressing multiple toxicants. Widely applicable strategies include nutrition and supplements to counter toxic effects and to support metabolism; as well as exercise and sweating, and possibly medication to enhance excretion. Addressing environmental health and contributors to chronic disease has broad implications for society, with large potential benefits from improved health and productivity.
Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Sweat: A Systematic Review
Margaret E. Sears,Kathleen J. Kerr,Riina I. Bray
Journal of Environmental and Public Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/184745
Abstract: Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury exposures are ubiquitous. These toxic elements have no physiological benefits, engendering interest in minimizing body burden. The physiological process of sweating has long been regarded as “cleansing” and of low risk. Reports of toxicant levels in sweat were sought in Medline, Embase, Toxline, Biosis, and AMED as well as reference lists and grey literature, from inception to March 22, 2011. Of 122 records identified, 24 were included in evidence synthesis. Populations, and sweat collection methods and concentrations varied widely. In individuals with higher exposure or body burden, sweat generally exceeded plasma or urine concentrations, and dermal could match or surpass urinary daily excretion. Arsenic dermal excretion was severalfold higher in arsenic-exposed individuals than in unexposed controls. Cadmium was more concentrated in sweat than in blood plasma. Sweat lead was associated with high-molecular-weight molecules, and in an interventional study, levels were higher with endurance compared with intensive exercise. Mercury levels normalized with repeated saunas in a case report. Sweating deserves consideration for toxic element detoxification. Research including appropriately sized trials is needed to establish safe, effective therapeutic protocols.
Comparison of Teacher Motivation for Mathematics and Special Educators in Middle Schools That Have and Have Not Achieved AYP
Margaret E. King-Sears,Pamela H. Baker
ISRN Education , 2014, DOI: 10.1155/2014/790179
Abstract: Mathematics and special educators who taught in middle schools that had or had not made Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) were surveyed to compare their motivation across three domains on a Teacher Motivation Survey: Work Environment, Professional Identity, and Career Satisfaction. Educators from schools who had met AYP reported a significantly better Work Environment, also referred to as collective efficacy, than that of educators from schools that had not met AYP. There were no statistically significant differences for special or mathematics educators, whether from a school that had or had not met AYP. Other results from the Teacher Motivation Survey are presented, including qualitative analyses from open-ended queries in the survey. Implications for expanding this research as well as more immediate applications and actions for school administrators are noted. 1. Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) [1] in the United States of America set in motion a series of comprehensive actions based on, among other factors, students’ performances on state assessments. Although NCLB requirements were initially instigated by the Bush administration and subsequent flexibility options available via the Obama administration, requirements for assessing students, disaggregating scores by specific subgroups of students, and annual testing with public reporting have remained in place. As a result, once a year, students across the United States (USA) participate in their state’s assessments and, based on a given year’s scores or in comparison to previous year’s scores [2] as well as other state-specific individually-determined criteria, schools either achieve Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) or not. Although there is variation among the states about assessment content (e.g., what skills in reading? What skills in mathematics?), the goal across states is to have students achieve at or above predetermined proficient levels (i.e., “pass” the test). Whether a school achieves AYP or not has implications for instructional decisions for the upcoming year. When analyzing AYP data, administrators and educators determine curricular areas and student populations where continued work is needed in order to meet AYP criteria for the following year. Conversely, for schools who have met AYP criteria, school personnel focus more on continued achievement for students versus feeling more public pressure to increase the likelihood students will “make AYP” the next school year. While NCLB has evolved under the leadership of the current administration (e.g., [2, 3]), the
Measuring Teachers’ Intervention Fidelity
Colleen Barry,Jennifer D. Walker,Margaret E. King-Sears
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1053451218765229
Abstract: School personnel implementing interventions new or unfamiliar to them need to know how to implement the intervention with fidelity. A five-step process is described that can be used to design and implement fidelity procedures with teachers using new or unfamiliar interventions
Are pollinating hawk moths declining in the Northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records
Bruce E. Young,Dale Schweitzer,Giovanni Rapacciuolo,Margaret Ormes,Nicole Sears,Stephanie Auer
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185683
Abstract:
A community-based breast cancer screening program for medically underserved women: its effect on disease stage at diagnosis and on hazard of death
McCoy,Clyde B.; Pereyra,Margaret; Metsch,Lisa R.; Collado-Mesa,Fernando; Messiah,Sarah E.; Sears,Sandy;
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública , 2004, DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892004000300004
Abstract: objective: earlier studies by this research team found that medically underserved minority women in the miami-dade county area of the state of florida, united states, were in need of breast cancer screening and that there were problems with availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services. in response, a community-based comprehensive breast cancer screening program called the early detection program (edp) was developed. the specific purpose of this study was to assess the effect that edp participation had on stage at diagnosis and on hazard of death. methods: existing data from the florida cancer data system (fcds), a statewide cancer registry, were linked with data from the edp. in december 1998 we assembled a multiethnic (african-american, black hispanic, white hispanic, and white non-hispanic) retrospective cohort with the following inclusion criteria: all women aged 40 and older with breast cancer diagnosed and staged at university of miami/jackson memorial medical center (which is located in the city of miami, florida) from january 1987 through december 1997. edp participants were medically underserved, that is, they resided in lower socioeconomic areas and/or had limited or no health insurance to cover medical costs. subjects identified as edp participants were compared to nonparticipants with respect to disease stage at diagnosis and hazard of death. logistic regression and cox regression models were used for analysis. results: edp participants were 2.4 times as likely (95% confidence interval = 1.71 to 3.43) to present with a diagnosis of localized cancer as were nonparticipants, even after controlling for race and age at diagnosis. edp participation was independently associated with both earlier diagnosis and reduced hazard of death. conclusions: participation in the edp increases the likelihood of early detection of breast cancer and reduces the hazard of death for medically underserved women in the miami-dade county area of florida. interestingl
Interactions of commonly used dietary supplements with cardiovascular drugs: a systematic review
Salmaan Kanji, Dugald Seely, Fatemeh Yazdi, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Kavita Singh, Alexander Tsertsvadze, Andrea C Tricco, Margaret E Sears, Teik C Ooi, Michele A Turek, Becky Skidmore, Mohammed T Ansari
Systematic Reviews , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-26
Abstract: The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements and MEDLINE were searched from the inception of the review to October 2011. Grey literature was also reviewed.Two reviewers independently screened records to identify studies comparing a supplement plus cardiovascular drug(s) with the drug(s) alone. Reviewers extracted data using standardized forms, assessed the study risk of bias, graded the strength of evidence and reported applicability.Evidence was obtained from 65 randomized clinical trials, 2 controlled clinical trials and 1 observational study. With only a few small studies available per supplement, evidence was insufficient for all predefined gradable clinical efficacy and harms outcomes, such as mortality and serious adverse events. One long-term pragmatic trial showed no benefit from co-administering vitamin E with aspirin on a composite cardiovascular outcome. Evidence for most intermediate outcomes was insufficient or of low strength, suggesting no effect. Incremental benefits were noted for triglyceridemia with omega-3 fatty acid added to statins; and there was an improvement in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with garlic supplementation when people also consumed nitratesEvidence of low-strength indicates benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (plus statin, or calcium channel blockers and antiplatelets) and garlic (plus nitrates or warfarin) on triglycerides and HDL-C, respectively. Safety concerns, however, persist.
普通小麦的端着丝点染色体(续一)
E·R·Sears,LottiM·S·Sears,刘秉华
麦类作物学报 , 1981, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.1981.02.023
Abstract: 传递象以前描述的那样,最先得到的端体是作为单体或者是和相应的完整染色体一起存在的东西。后来在保持某个品系或产生与保持各
Incorporating Environmental Health in Clinical Medicine
Stephen J. Genuis,Margaret Sears,Gerry Schwalfenberg,Janette Hope
Journal of Environmental and Public Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/103041
Abstract:
异源遗传物质向小麦的转移
E.R.Sears,黄自强
麦类作物学报 , 1984, DOI: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.1984.06.128
Abstract: 正如Frankel(1970)及其他学者所指出的,能够为小麦育种家利用的基因库,近年来已令人不安地枯竭了。这首先是因为世界许多地方的高度变异的地方种已为高产的纯系品种所代替。因而大量的栽培小麦的遗传变异似乎已在消失,而且不能再被复原。但当我们意识到小麦的家族用于小麦改良是易受影响的基因
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